state province algeria

In July 2017 authorities freed Kamel Eddine Fekhar, a human rights activist. The subdivisions were to the Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Abdelaziz Bouteflika for a fourth term. There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. The United Nations or Other International Bodies: The government extended an invitation to the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances in 2014 and again in 2015, but no visit occurred. The departments were subdivided ), $11,000 (2021 est. ), potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables, petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing, agriculture: 10.8%industry: 30.9%services: 58.4% (2011 est. In September 2017 Algerian National Front party leader Moussa Touati stated that his party paid bribes in order to secure its single seat in parliament. Intelligence services arrested journalist Said Chitour in June 2017 and accused him of sharing intelligence with a foreign power. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. Access to Asylum: While the law provides generally for asylum or refugee status, the government has not established a formal system through which refugees can request asylum. The DGAPR maintained different categories of prisons that separated prisoners according to the lengths of their sentences. The government may invalidate a unions legal status if authorities perceive its objectives to be contrary to the established institutional system, public order, good morals, law, or regulations in force. wilaya). The government issued licenses and subsidies to domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and neighborhood associations. NGOs reported instances of not receiving the written authorization in time to hold planned meetings. ), total petroleum production: 1,414,800 bbl/day (2021 est. )110.973 (2017 est. According to statistics from womens advocacy groups published in the local press, between 100 and 200 women died each year from domestic violence. Lebanon Provinces Provinces of Lebanon Buy data Donate Updates: There are two new provinces named Aakkr and Baalbek-Hermel. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 633,500 bbl/day (2018 est. In a divorce, the law provides for the wife to retain the familys home until the children reach age 18. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. These groups targeted security services personnel in periodic but small-scale attacks. It requires national-level civil organizations to apply to the Ministry of Interior for permission to operate. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. The capital city of a baladiyah, Unlicensed NGOs remained active, but rarely received government assistance, and citizens at times hesitated to associate with these organizations. Women may own businesses, enter into contracts, and pursue careers similar to those of men. Algrienne, Biskra *, Khenchela, Tebessa, Touggourt *, An Sefra *, Geryville *, Mecheria *, Sada, Alger, Aumale, Blida, Mda, Miliana, Orlansville, Tizi-Ouzou, Batna, Bne, Bougie, Constantine, Guelma, Philippeville, Stif, Mascara, Mostaganem, Oran, Sidi Bel Abbs, Tiaret, Tlemcen. The population of the province, which has an area of 1,102 square kilometers, is 1,002,937 according to 2008 data. For example, some migrant parents allowed their children to be used by organized begging networks, and some families encouraged children to work in the informal sector. Regulations require the shareholders and managers of any radio or television channel to be Algerian citizens and prohibit them from broadcasting content that offends values anchored in Algerian society.. note: data are in current year dollars$54.259 billion (2019 est. )industrial: 191 million cubic meters (2017 est. Section 1. ), total: 19.72 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 21.77 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 17.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. II, United Nations, New Office of the U.S. The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. The government said that it maintained a policy of not removing migrants registered with UNHCR, and that in a few cases it worked with UNHCR to return registered refugees who were mistakenly removed. The standard workweek was 40 hours, including one hour for lunch per day. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. )$10,800 (2020 est. Algeria, officially known as the Peoples Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign North Africa nation along the Mediterranean coast. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2020 est. ), 27.5% of GDP (2017 est. The repatriations were conducted in coordination with consular officials from the countries of origin of the migrants, but the migrants were not permitted to challenge their removal. Section II. NGOs reported that the government did not enforce payment of fines for failing to abide by the law. For example, female migrants were subjected to debt bondage as they worked to repay smuggling debts through domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced prostitution. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. The provinces later became divisions. Membership in the Islamic Salvation Front, a political party banned since 1992, remained illegal. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 4,100 bbl/day (2018 est. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in the 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), total: 31.9%male: 27.8%female: 54% (2021 est. The country was heavily colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Child Abuse: Child abuse was illegal but was a serious problem. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud, and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs. The constitution provides for the right of peaceful assembly, but the government continued to curtail this right. The government provided disability benefits to persons with disabilities who registered. The law requires parties to ensure that at least 30 percent of the candidates on their electoral lists are women. ), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Berber dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. El Watanreported that almost 10 percent of ballots cast were invalid. Authorities also use summonses to notify and require the accused and the victim to attend a court proceeding or hearing. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the June 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. )126.777 (2020 est. Note: in the 1998 census data, the sum of the province populations is 2 less than the reported total for Algeria. Women may seek divorce for irreconcilable differences and violation of a prenuptial agreement. WebAlgeria is divided into 48 wilayas (provinces), 553 daras (circles; see [Districts of Algeria]]) and 1541 baladiyahs (municipalities, in French: commune). 1900: According to Jean-Jacques Sudre, in 1900, mentioning only "clearly definable entities", Algeria was divided into the entities shown in this table (dep = department, div = division, arr = arrondissement, sub = subdivision). NGOs also indicated that some migrants were denied treatment at healthcare facilities. Human rights activists and attorneys, however, asserted that some detainees were held without access to lawyers. Several human rights NGOs condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists. 1957-08-07: Territoires du Sud (formerly department no. The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor. Section 2. ICRC staff visited prisons, and police and gendarme stations under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice, and an administrative detention center operated by the Ministry of Interior. 134, the departments united the civil and military territories, strengthening the Improvements: Authorities improved prison conditions to meet international standards. 1958-03-17: Sada department created by taking parts of Oran, Saoura, and Tiaret departments. Official assert that the law covers LGBTI individuals through general civil and human rights legislation. Of the daily printed publications, the ministry stated six were state-operated. Attempts by new unions to form federations or confederations suffered similar challenges. During the year a womens advocacy group, Wassila Network, received 200 cases of domestic violence. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO Tamanrasset Algerian state of Arab, its capital is the city of Tamanrasset, occupies the first place among the states of Algeria in The Labor Ministry employed one labor inspector per 12,000 workers for a total of 853 as of the end of 2017. The laws extensive requirements and uneven enforcement served as major impediments to the development of civil society. )10.51% (2019 est. President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. Local authorities refused the follow on request for another event. Government officials monitored political meetings. Nevertheless, the law prohibits unions from associating with political parties and receiving funds from foreign sources. Pursuant to the constitution, all parties must have a national base. The electoral law adopted by parliament in 2016 requires parties to have received 4 percent of the vote in the preceding election or to collect 250 signatures in the electoral district in order to appear on the ballot. The departments were divided into arrondissements, as shown below. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. Sept. 29: The Algerian Defense Ministry said the Algerian army killed five armed Islamist militants and seized weapons, munitions and food supplies during a sweep of the forests of Tazoult in the Batna province. the ANP has played a large role in the countrys politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKAs election in In addition, some religious elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of movement. Advocacy groups reported that children with disabilities rarely attended school past the secondary level. Abuse of Migrants, Refugees, and Stateless Persons: In June the Associated Press (AP) reported that the government had forced an estimated 13,000 migrants over the previous 14 months to walk from Guezzam, Algeria, to Assamakka, Niger as part of the repatriation process. Pretrial Detention: Prolonged pretrial detention remained a problem. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. 1902, because of border adjustments in desert areas. The list of essential services included banking, radio, and television. The 89 organizations were given formal notices to abide by the law. The ministry maintained that organizations that were refused accreditation or that did not receive a response within the specified time period could appeal to the State Council, the administrative court responsible for cases involving the government. According to the Ministry of Justice, there were six prosecutions of law enforcement officers for torture during the year. the same name, with a status nominally equal to the departments of European France. The Ministry of Interior did not provide domestic or foreign observers with voter registration lists. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. Other refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants had access to free public hospitals, but independent NGOs reported instances of migrants turned away. These observers, among others, pointed to the law as a significant source of arbitrary arrests intended to suppress political activism. Christians reside mostly in Algiers and the Provinces of Kabylie, Bejaia, Tizi Ouzou, Annaba, Ouargla, and Oran. If domestic violence results in death, a judge can prescribe a life sentence. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in a 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. Financial Disclosure: The law stipulates that all elected government officials and those appointed by presidential decree must declare their assets the month they commence their jobs, if there is substantial change in their wealth while they are in office, and at the end of their term. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. The Islamic State Algeria Province After kidnapping a 55-year-old French mountaineering guide, Herv Gourdel, the group stated in a video on 22 September 2014, that the kidnapping was a fulfilling of an order of IS spokesman al-'Adnani to attack citizens of Nationwide, the government required citizens and organizations to obtain permits from the national government-appointed local governor before holding public meetings or demonstrations. Restrictions on freedom of assembly and association as well as restrictions on political party activities inhibited the activity of opposition groups. There were no reports that the government granted refugee status and asylum to new refugee applicants during the year. Temporary Protection: The law does not address formal temporary protection, but authorities provided informal, temporary protection to groups such as Syrians and Malians. The law imposes an additional requirement that associations obtain government preapproval before accepting foreign funds. ), total subscriptions: 4,784,306 (2020 est. Newspapers reported that the government restricted foreign tourists from traveling through trails in Tassili and Hoggar, as well as certain areas in and around Tamanrasset, due to security concerns. The constitution provides citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. The law provides sentences of six months to five years in prison and fines between DZD 50,000 and DZD 500,000 ($425 and $4,252) for users who do not comply with the law, including the obligation to cooperate with law enforcement authorities against cybercrime. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. Several candidates withdrew from the race, claiming that the outcome was a foregone conclusion. [1] Quid 1993, ditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 1992. A 2016 constitutional revision requires the president to consult with the parliamentary majority before appointing the prime minister. Activists reported that some postings on social media could result in arrest and questioning; observers widely understood that the intelligence services closely monitored the activities of political and human rights activists on social media sites, including Facebook. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. )crude oil estimated reserves: 12.2 billion barrels (2021 est. )investment in fixed capital: 38.1% (2017 est. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. The UN LOCODE page for Algeria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. The reversal in fertility could represent a temporary fluctuation in marriage age or, less likely, a decrease in the steady rate of contraceptive use. When Algeria was under French administration, the official division names were in French. Married women under 18 may not travel abroad without permission from their husbands, but married women older than 18 may do so. LGBTI persons faced discrimination in accessing health services. Media reporting and public opinion viewed the absence of charges against the most senior of government officials as an indication of impunity for government officials. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. The law grants the government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations. Police may make arrests without a warrant if they witness the offense. After making a determination, the ministry notifies the customs service of the decision to allow or ban the importation of the publication. A variety of domestic human rights groups operated with varying degrees of government restriction and cooperation. In addition, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, and one foreign radio stationthe BBCoperated throughout the year. The Wassila Network described situations in which a victim went to police to report a domestic violence incident and family members convince the victim to forgive the aggressor, resulting in no charges to the aggressor. While the Ministry of Interior oversees the accreditation process for most associations, the president of a local assembly approves applications for communal associations. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. Foreign observers characterized the elections as largely peaceful but pointed to low voter turnout and a high rate of ballot invalidity. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. Political Parties and Political Participation: The Ministry of Interior must approve political parties before they may operate legally. Some of those arrested, reported being brutalized. On September 8, several leaders were prevented from marching in Constantine. The law prohibits discrimination with respect to employment, salary, and work environment based on age, gender, social and marital status, family links, political conviction, disability, national origin and affiliation with a union. Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia, total: 2,381,740 sq kmland: 2,381,740 sq kmwater: 0 sq km, slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas, total: 6,734 kmborder countries (6): Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm, arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer, mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain, highest point: Tahat 2,908 mlowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 mmean elevation: 800 m, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc, agricultural land: 17.4% (2018 est. )spirits: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. ), general assessment: Algeria has a steadily developing telecom infrastructure with growth encouraged by supportive regulatory measures and by government policies aimed at delivering serviceable internet connections across the country; mobile broadband is largely based on 3G and LTE, and the data rates are also low in global terms; LTE is available in all provinces, investment is required from the mobile network operators (MNOs) to improve the quality of service; the state has previously been hesitant to commit to 5G, instead encouraging the MNOs to undertake upgrades to LTE infrastructure before investing in commercial 5G services; in March 2022, the state is in the process of freeing up the requisite spectrum to enable the MNOs to launch 5G services sometime this year; fixed internet speeds remain slow (2022)domestic: a limited network of fixed-lines with a teledensity of slightly less than 11 telephones per 100 persons has been offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; mobile-cellular teledensity was approximately 104 telephones per 100 persons in 2020 (2020)international: country code - 213;ALPAL-2 is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the Mediterranean Sea linking Algeria and the Spanish Balearic island of Majorca;ORVAL is a submarine cable to Spain; landing points for the TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/SeaMeWe-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; MED cable connecting Algeria with France;microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia;Algeria part of the 4,500 Km terrestrial Trans Sahara Backbone network which connects to other fiber networks in the region; Alcomstat-1 satellite offering telemedicine network (2020)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, state-run Radio-Television Algerienne operates the broadcast media and carries programming in Arabic, Berber dialects, and French; use of satellite dishes is widespread, providing easy access to European and Arab satellite stations; state-run radio operates several national networks and roughly 40 regional radio stations, total: 27,626,157 (2020 est. According to UNHCRs March report on Sahrawi refugees in Tindouf, the government protected a significant number of refugees in five camps in Tindouf and a smaller urban refugee population, primarily in Algiers. WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. The law requires that workers obtain government approval to form a union, and the Ministry of Labor must approve or disapprove a union application within 30 days. At the end of March, the distributor received a notification from the Ministry of Communication to stop importingJeune Afriqueand other titles published by Jeune Afrique Media Group (The Africa ReportandLa Revue). The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth. Algeria Telephone + (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency + (213) 770-08-2200 Fax 0770-08-2299 Email ACSAlgiers@state.gov Website U.S. Embassy Algiers Algeria Map Status of Government Respect for Religious There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. A tripartite social pact among business, government, and the official union established the national minimum wage of DZD 18,000 ($153) per month in 2012. Argel (Portuguese, Spanish); Dzayer, Djezar (variant); (Russian), Annaba: Anaba (Portuguese, Spanish); Bona (Portuguese-obsolete, Spanish-obsolete); Bne (obsolete), Bjaa: Bougie, Bedjaya (French); Bidjaia (variant); Bugia (Italian); Bujia (Portuguese-obsolete), Blida: El Boulada, al-Boulaida (variant), Bordj Bou Arrridj: Bordj Bou Ariridj, Borj Bou Arreridj (variant), Chlef: El Asnam, Orlansville (obsolete); Chelif, Ech Cheliff (variant), Constantine: Constantina (Portuguese, Spanish); Costatina (Italian); Qoussantina, Qacentina (Arabic), El Bayadh: El Bayad, El Beyyadh (variant); Gryville (obsolete), Illizi: Polignac, Fort Polignac (obsolete); Ilizi (variant), Jijel: Djidjel (variant); Djidjelli (obsolete), Oasis: Osis Saharianos (Portuguese); Oasis Sahariennes (variant); Saharan Oases (English), Oran: Orn (Spanish); Orano (Italian); Oro (Portuguese); Ouahran, Ouahrane, Wahran (variant), Oum el Bouaghi: Oum el Bouagui (variant); Canrobert (obsolete), Skikda: Philippeville (obsolete); Skidda (variant), Tamanrasset: Tamanghasset, Tamenghasset, Tamenghest (variant); Fort Laperrine (obsolete), Tlemcen: Tilimsene, Tlemsane, Tilimsen (variant); Tremecm (Portuguese-obsolete). Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. Opposition candidate Benflis rejected the results and claimed that fraud marred the elections. Authorities normally awarded custody of children to the mother, but she may not make decisions about education or take the children out of the country without the fathers authorization. Thousands of Algerian peasants - mainly Berber men from the Kabylia region - faced with land dispossession and economic hardship under French rule migrated temporarily to France to work in manufacturing and mining during the first half of the 20th century. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Algeria has known many empires and dynasties starting with the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C. Many schools lacked teachers trained to work with children with disabilities, threatening the viability of efforts to mainstream children with disabilities into public schools. A separate law provides for up to three years imprisonment for publications that may harm the national interest or up to one year for defaming or insulting the president, parliament, army, or state institutions. )6.7% of GDP (2020 est. departments and one territory. The law does not permit those under age 18 to travel abroad without a guardians permission. However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. Each year from domestic violence results in death, a judge can prescribe life. Violence results in death, a judge can prescribe a life sentence than... 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